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ABDUCTIONS   Stories of people being kidnapped by nonhumans from UFOs have attracted great attention in recent years.  In Hynek's classification system of UFO ENCOUNTERS, the experiences are designed as 'close encounters of the 4th kind," of CEIVs.  The most common features of alien abduction reports were summarized by Bullard(1987)...." 1)At night in a remote area or at home, a witness sees a UFO and tries to flee. 2) He enters a zone of strangeness as surroundings lose normal appearance, machines misbehave, there volition is impaired and their memory blanks out.  Strange humanoid beings appear and float or carry them inside the UFO.  3) They enter a uniformly lighted operating room where one of more aliens subject him to a medical examination, sometimes of a painful character. 4) Afterwards he may see long tunnels and other parts of the ship, or travel a great distance in a short time to a dark and desolate other planet, then to a light and airy realm, both of which have buildings.  Among the aliens they may also see a human being, and receive messages.  On returning to earth, he finds a memory gap and injuries and may receive later visits and extranormal manifestations."

Few abductions reports contain all of these features, but most have many of them.  Although it is generally believed that UFO abduction experiences are a recent phenomenon, some researches have pointed to similarities between modern accounts and reports from earlier historical eras.  Vallee unearthed a report by Agobard, a bishop of Lyons in the ninth century.  Agobard wrote that he saved four people threatened by a lynch mob.  The four had been seen alighting from a "cloud ship" and witnesses assumed the were associated with sorcerers.   They themselves claimed that they had been kidnapped by"miraculous men."

Throughout premodern times, tales were told of individuals who were borne away by fairies or who were captured and tormented by demons. Perhaps abductions by cloud ship pilots, fairies and demons were the same basic type of experience as modern UFO abductions, expressed in the language and concepts of the same.  One of the first cases was that of Antonio Villas Boas.  This Brazilian farmer reported that one night in 1957 he was forced inside an egg-shaped craft where blood samples were taken from him and he was compelled to have sex with a beautiful female alien who barked like a dog.  Curiously, a medical examiner reported that Villas Boas was suffering from radiation poisoning of unknown origin.

The case of Barney and Betty Hill who claimed they were abducted in 1962 received enormous media coverage.  It became the prototype with which all later abduction reports would be compared.  The Hills were driving in the northeastern USA on evening and became alarmed by a mysterious aerial light that seemed to follow their car.  Later, they found they could not account for two hours of their journey.  While hypnotized, the Hills recounted they were taken aboard a UFO and had telepathic conversations with UFOnauts and were subjected to painful physical manipulation. 

ENCOUNTERS   The term unidentified flying object was coined by an American Air Force captain and anomalies researcher Edward Ruppelt to refer to mysterious aerial phenomena reported by thousands of observers during the 1940s and 1950s.  UFO is preferred by many to the older phrase "flying saucer," because many of the reports do not involve saucer-shaped forms.   The earliest known UFO encounter, or sighting, was found on scroll dating from an Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose 3rd in the 15th century B.C. "Circle of Fire," shining brighter than the sun, were described floating through the sky.  The Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote of heavenly disc and claimed to witness an object that landed on earth, then rose again and landed at another spot.  The Roman scholar Cicero was another famous UFO witness of ancient times.  he reported that on one occasion the sun was seen in the sky at night, accompanied by flying spheres.  Many UFO students have speculated that some Bible stories, from the visions of Old Testament figures like Ezekiel, Elijah  to the star of Bethlehem, might have found been based on UFO encounters. 

The annals of premodern Europe describe many unexplained sightings of cloudships, flying hats, balls, dragons, torches, pillars and armies clashing in the air.  In the intellectual context of the time, these spectacles were usually interpreted as omens of imminent events, or signs concerning the will of God.  UFO reports persisted after the rise of the scientific world view in the 17th century.   The wave of airship encounters arose the USA at the end of the 1800s is widely held to be an immediate precursor of today's UFO phenomenon. 

At the present there is no consensus among researchers regarding the true nature if the UFO encounters, when it started, the validity of the physical and biological evidence and the role of social and psychological factors.  The area has attracted a number of hoaxes and spiritual visionaries over the years, which has made research more difficult.

FOO FIGHTERS    During the winter of 1944-1945 allied pilots flying bombing runs over western Europe began to report that their planes were being visited by strange lights.   Described as spherical or disc-shaped and red, orange or white in color, the mysterious entities would follow the planes just beyond or behind the wing.  Usually, but not always, they were seen at night by solitary pilots.  Sometimes the lights were observed apparently flying in formation; occasionally, they were photographed.   The phenomena were dubbed "foo fighters," foo, being a popular English distortion of feu, the French word for fire.  The Allies suspected that the Japan Axis forces were using some sort of psychological warfare technique in an attempt to distract them, but following the war, it was learned that Japanese and German pilots had also seen foo fighters and had thought they were Allied weapons.  The glowing forms were occasionally reported by pilots during the Korean and Vietnam wars. 

Several theories have been offered to explain the foo fighters.   In some cases exhausted pilots may simply have experienced hallucinations from lack of sleep, which could have been enhanced by  the fact that they flew in unpressurized cabins, thus undergoing the stresses of rapid altitude changes.  Yet, foo fighters resembles natural electrical phenomena like ball lightning or St Elmo's Fire or even "form constants."  As little girl I experienced ball lightening on a vacation to grandmas house in Ohio.  As we sat lunch (during a thunderstorm) a ball of luminous plasma shot through a window without breaking it hover over the kitchen stove for a second then continue down the hallway way seemingly bouncing off the walls.   FORM CONSTANTS are geometric images produced by the human visual nervous system often call entroptic phenomena.

GUIDES  The Spirit Guides has communicated: "When the first airborne Atlantis pilot stepped foot on Mu, it was as if a fire fanned out across the world.  They greeted the Lemurians like ones who had reclaimed their brothers, and some of the sailors who had visited Atlantis by ship were particularly excited because they had been aware of the project to build planes, but had not dared hoped to see it put into operation.  The spacecraft was able to set down of the flat beach, and since animals of enormous size did not inhabit that sandy area.   Word of the landing was spread by means of a kind of grapevine developed long before, which responded to the vibrations of instruments of hewn and wood.  Drofus was the name of the pilot commanding the plane, and with him were two scientists who understood the maneuvers by which the craft would attach itself to a particular facet of the Crystal and direct the passage of other great ships through that beam or ray from the Great Crystal, without dropping speed or losing contact.  An intricate process indeed. and one which is not understood today, but will oneday be used again to propel planes and ships.  In taking off from Lemuria or another area removed from Atlantis, delicate preparations were necessary, including the synchronizing of smaller crystals within the craft until finely tuned into the particular ray of the Great Crystal that would beckon it home." 

Erich Von Daniken speculates in Chariots of the Gods that the Nazca Lines in Peru's Palpa Valley, were for the use of outer space beings.

The Spirit Guides communicate...." Some Atlantean flying machines needed less than a city lot for landing, since they were lightweight contraptions holding no more than two or four people that took off with attached balloons and could be regulated by an instrument controlling the drift of the wind.  These were somewhat similar to today's helicopters, except for the balloon attachment.  But the more powerful aircraft  controlled by laser-like beams from the Crystal needed long runways, as do your jets of today.  Thus, airports were built in various parts of the world to accommodate the craft flying in to gather elders for convocations."   The guides explained that Atlantians learned to build aircraft from space visitors from other parts of the universe. 

MARS MONUMENTS   Richard Grossinger wrote "Now it would be foolish for me to tell you that for sure and certain there is and artificially constructed statue of  a human face on the surface of Mars, surrounded by the outcroppings of a buried city.  I don't know that as a fact, nor does Richard Hogland.  This is however a bona fide puzzle for us as a culture and as a species to resolve over the next two to three decades.  However, I can say safely that the objects photographed by A Viking Lander on the surface of Mars particularly in the Cydonia region have many intrinsic characteristics of artifacts that go beyond (and beneath) the mere subjective appearance of a face and a city, and that these characteristics are the outcome not of idle Man-In-The-Moon stargazing but of the scrutiny of experts in variety of fields after eight years of critical study.  As Hogland himself has said many times, 'If these remarkable objects and alignments turn out to be natural features, then they are a trivial waste of time...' but if they were made by someone, they absolutely cry out for an explanation, and that explanation, whatever it is, will change the human race's sense of its own identity and destiny. 

From it sudden unexpected appearance on a NASA datatape, the face has been the victim of one debunker after another.  NASA didn't even give it the respect of looking twice, in the of one collective mind, it had to be a mirage.  The space agency squandered its major opportunity to go back and re-photograph the site while the on board cameras were still functioning.  At the time, NASA was considered virtually infallible, and its integrity was unchallenged, so the images feel by the wayside.

Vincent DiPietro is an electrical engineer with 14 years background in digital electronics and image processing.  He first saw "the Face" in a magazine and promptly dismissed it as a hoax.  Two and a half years later, however, while leafing through the archived NASA photos in the National Space Science Data Center at the Goddard Spaceflight, he was  turning over the glassine envelopes, and once again came face to face with the curious image of "a man on Mars."  This time he realized it must be something real, or NASA wouldn't have put it, as he said later, boldly in the file.  Now, very curious to learn more about this enigma captured by a television camera several million miles away from Earth, he sought additional scientific data on the object, and found that there was nothing, other than noting in its description of the photograph that it was "an oddity of light." 

MOUNTAINTOP GLOW     The High Places so far removed from the areas of ordinary life, have been associated with strange forces for millennia.   The sense of mystery has undoubtedly been fed by the sight of lights weaving among mountain  peaks at rights.  The best known example of this phenomena is the "Andes Lights"   which have been viewed in Bolivia, Chile and Peru.  Brilliant flashes of yellow and red, as well as immense sheets of Flame, dance, on the highest peaks and ridges.  On some evenings, gigantic pillars of light have been observed projecting into the sky from pinnacles.  Like huge searchlights in appearance, they have been visible 300 miles from the mountains.  These displays produced no sound no sound and can occur during clear weather.  The Andes lights were powerfully stimulating during the great earthquake of 1906 in central Chile, eyewitnesses describe great jets of light seemingly igniting the entire sky.  Most researches believe that mountain top lights are greatly amplified examples if St Elmo's Fire.  Electricity tends to become concentrated on pointed structures, such as steeples. towers or mountain tops.  The discharge of electrons from the point of concentration into the atmosphere creates a lightening like radiance.  because of the low and continuos nature of the discharge, in contrast to the abruptness of conventional lightning, the air surrounding the path of discharge does not slap together. thus a very little sound is produced.  The enhancements of the Andes Lights by earthquakes could be due to the piezoelectric effect when quartz crystals within the mountain are stressed, they could generate an added electric charge.

OCEAN LIGHTS   The play of colors that grants the sea much of its beauty is usually caused by light reflecting from the surface or from particles in the water.  In a broad stretch of ocean around Asia, from the Indian Ocean to South China sea, and less often in other waters, mariners have reported luminous phenomena originating in the sea itself.   These spectacles assume various forms diffuse glows pervading a large area, stationary or moving bands of light; huge rotating luminous wheels; and other shapes.   Encounters in the milky sea in which entire water surface radiates light, have been noted for centuries. "The whole appearance of the ocean was like a plain covered with snow.  There was scare a cloud in the heaven, yet the sky appeared as black as if a storm was raging.  The scene was one of the awful grandeur, the sea was raging.  The scene was phosphorus and the heavens hung in blackness, and the stars going out seem to indicate that all nature was preparing for what last grand conflagration which we are taught to believe is to annihilate this material world."

Sometimes ocean lights display a structure.  Probably the most common of these forms is the stationary luminous belt, which has been observed in waters around the world.  Ships may pass over glowing bands without affecting it.   The radiance is sometimes described as steady, rhythmically.  Many sailors have reported several belts of submarine light, spaced at regular intervals.  The belts can stretch to the horizon in both directions.  Sometime the luminous bands move through the water.  Moving bands are mostly observed in the circum-Asian marine regions.  This striking report is from the Gulf of Oman (1906).  "shafts of brilliant light came sweeping across the ships bow at a prodigious speed, which might be put down as anything between sixty and two hundred miles an hour.  It as just as if a large gun with a rectangular muzzle were shooting bars of light at us from infinity.   These light bars were about twenty feet apart and most regular, their brilliancy was dazzling.... an intervening ship had no- affect on the light beams."

Then there were reports of vast marine light wheels.  In many cases the form consist of luminous spokes that converged at a hub like a cartwheel.   The extent of the wheel can cover the entire ocean. The spokes may be straight, like the bands of had all joined at one end. gently curving spokes have also been seen.   Sometimes they are observed as rotating and changing direction.  Also, spinning patches of light, glowing crescents, expanding colored rings of light as well as zig-zag flashes.  The explanation usually offered for ocean lights us that they are schools of luminescent marine microorganisms.  Waters sampled from glowing displays have often shown high counts of such creatures.  Puzzling features remain, however, Herring and Watson noted that only marine bacteria would be capable of generating the strong, steady light. 

WILL-O-The -WISP    These luminous bubbles and flames seen at night in marshy regions have proven so alluring yet impossible to grasp that there name has come to represent all manner of things enticing and unattainable.  Records of their appearance date back to Roman times.  Most common are flames, bluish or yellowish in hue.  Some observers have noted hundreds of flames dancing above the ground.  These lights can move vertically in a hopping motion, as if beckoning to the observers, and can also swoop and curve gracefully.  Glowing balls that drift several feet in the air, sometimes merging or dividing have also been seen.  The movement of their luminous forms is unpredictable, they can disappear in one place and suddenly materialize in another, leading observers on a wild chase through the marsh.  Various meanings have accrued to will-o-the -wisp through the centuries.  Russians believe that the nocturnal lights were the souls of stillborn children, or spirits who were too sinful for heaven but not evil enough for hell, condemned to wander  lonely places on earth carrying hot coals.                                                                                                       

No one has managed to produce a will-o-the-wisp under laboratory conditions.  Most believe it is due to combustible gases emitted by decaying vegetable matter.  The folklore that will-o-the-wisp are omens of bad weather has been explained by the notion that changing barometric pressure prior to a storm forces the gases from the swampy soil.  One common gas of decay is methane, if ignited could be carried a few feet into the air by winds before being extinguished.  Burning methane gives off heat.  And people who have been able to pass their hand through it, uniformly report no heat sensation.   Also, it is unclear what feature of the swamp environment could ignite the methane, and how it could be lit for so long unless it was somehow prevented from dissipating in the air.  Some have been observed for as long as 30 minutes.       

Maybe we live in THE LAND OF GIANTS, and will-o-the-wisp are spacecraft with tiny people inside who are trying to repair  their craft or create a new one for their return flight to their own planet.   Maybe they are burps from frogs who have eaten too many fireflies, or God forbid, have eaten too many fairies.  What do you think????

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